DOPAMINERGIC MODULATION OF EFFORT-RELATED CHOICE BEHAVIOR AS ASSESSED BY A PROGRESSIVE RATIO CHOW FEEDING CHOICE TASK: PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES AND THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES.

Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) is involved in behavioral activation and effort-related processes.Rats with impaired DA transmission reallocate their instrumental behavior away from food-reinforced tasks with high response requirements, and instead select less effortful food-seeking behaviors.In the present study, the effects of several drug treatments we

The human tendency to reveal or barely buff gelish cover naked skin reflects a competition between the individual propensity for social interactions related to sexual appeal and interpersonal touch versus climatic, environmental, physical, and cultural constraints.However, due to the ubiquitous nature of these constraints, isolating on a large scal

Dieter ole miss stripe out Dausch,1,2 Burglinde Dausch,2 Matthias Wottke,3 Georg Sluyterman van Langeweyde31Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea; 2Augen-Laser-Klinik Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany; 3Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany Purpose: One hundred eyes from 55 adult patients with myopia were retrospectively studied to determine the

Background Estimation of tree diversity at broader scale is important for conservation planning.Tree diversity should be measured and understood in terms of diversity and evenness, two integral components to describe the structure of a biological community.Variation of the tree diversity and evenness with elevation, topographic relief, aspect, terr